Makna, Simbol, dan Fungsi Parompa Sadum Angkola: Kajian Semiotika
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengenali makna simbolik, menggali peran sosiokultural, serta menjalin hubungan antara simbol, makna, dan fungsi dalam Parompa Sadum Angkola sebagai medium komunikasi budaya yang mulai mengalami perubahan makna di zaman modern. Dengan menerapkan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif beserta analisis semiotika dari Roland Barthes (denotasi, konotasi, dan mitos), data asli penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan informan utama yang merupakan penutur budaya Angkola yang tinggal di perantauan (Medan) serta didukung oleh studi dokumentasi visual objek kain. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tingkat denotasi, Parompa Sadum terdiri dari tiga warna dasar dan delapan pola motif utama. Di tingkat konotasi, warna dasar Narara (merah), Lomlom (hitam), dan Nabottar (putih) mencerminkan energi, kepatuhan terhadap hukum adat, dan kesucian hakiki, sementara delapan motifnya Bunga Ros, Jojak, Ruang, Sijobang, Luslus, Pusuk Robung, Singap, dan Rambu na Ginjang secara mendalam menyimpan pesan filosofis yang berbentuk doa keselamatan, kekuatan prinsip, kehati-hatian, kebersihan lahir dan batin ‘Poda na Lima’, nilai kegunaan, serta harapan akan umur panjang. Pada tingkat mitos, makna-makna ini dinaturalisasi oleh masyarakat sebagai tanggung jawab adat yang sakral untuk melindungi spiritual anak. Sebagai kesimpulan, kain ini berhasil menyatukan fungsi praktisnya sebagai alat gendong yang aman dengan fungsi sosiokultural laten dalam tradisi Mangayun, berperan sebagai "teks budaya" untuk melegitimasi status anak dalam marga serta memperkuat stabilitas sosial dalam struktur kekerabatan Dalihan Na Tolu.
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