Tradisi Lisan Kuling-kuling Atca pada Masyarakat Angkola-Mandailing: Kajian Antropolinguistik
Abstract
Studi ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan bentuk dan struktur, mengungkap arti, serta menjelaskan peran sosial dan budaya tradisi lisan Kuling-kuling Atca dalam pandangan antropolinguistik. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap masyarakat Angkola-Mandailing di Sumatera Utara dengan waktu penelitian yang disesuaikan melalui kajian pustaka terhadap sumber-sumber yang relevan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini mencakup semua tuturan Kuling-kuling Atca, dengan sampel yang terdiri dari 15 data tuturan yang dianalisis. Instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti itu sendiri dengan metode dokumentasi melalui pengumpulan informasi dari jurnal, buku, artikel, dan media digital. Analisis data mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui teknik reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan berdasarkan sudut pandang antropolinguistik. Temuan riset menunjukkan bahwa Kuling-kuling Atca adalah teka-teki lisan yang memiliki struktur pembuka, isi, dan jawaban dengan pemakaian bahasa kiasan, metafora, serta logika. Makna yang ada mencerminkan keterkaitan antara bahasa, budaya, dan cara berpikir masyarakat, termasuk nilai-nilai kearifan lokal, ekosistem, serta hubungan kekerabatan. Di samping itu, tradisi ini berperan sebagai sarana hiburan, pendidikan, pengembangan bahasa, serta pelestarian budaya dan identitas masyarakat Angkola-Mandailing.
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