Trauma dan Pencarian Identitas Tokoh Firdaus dalam Novel ’امرأة عند نقطة الصفر’ Karya Nawal El Saadawi: Kajian Psikologi Sastra Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bentuk-bentuk trauma yang dialami tokoh Firdaus dalam novel امرأة عند نقطة الصفر karya Nawal El Saadawi dan menganalisis pengaruh trauma tersebut terhadap proses pencarian identitasnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-analitis dengan teknik analisis isi berdasarkan teori psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Data diperoleh dari narasi dalam teks novel yang menggambarkan pengalaman traumatis serta dinamika kejiwaan tokoh utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Firdaus mengalami trauma fisik, seksual, dan psikologis sejak masa kanak-kanak, yang membentuk ketegangan antara id, ego, dan superego dalam dirinya. Trauma tersebut menyebabkan perilaku menyimpang, ketidakstabilan emosi, dan penolakan terhadap norma sosial yang menindas. Proses pencarian identitas Firdaus berlangsung dalam tiga fase, yaitu: dominasi trauma dan represi bawah sadar, konflik ego dengan norma sosial patriarkal, serta transformasi kesadaran dan pembentukan identitas baru. Firdaus akhirnya mencapai pencerahan psikis dan memilih jalan perlawanan terhadap tatanan patriarki, sebagai bentuk afirmasi atas eksistensi dan kebebasan dirinya. Identitas Firdaus tidak terbentuk secara instan, melainkan merupakan hasil dialektika antara penderitaan batin dan kesadaran kritis terhadap ketidakadilan sosial.
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