Laut, Identitas, dan Ekologi Budaya: Kajian Ekokritik Biru terhadap Sastra Bugis-Makassar
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menafsirkan relasi antara laut, identitas, dan ekologi budaya dalam sastra Bugis–Makassar melalui pendekatan ekokritik biru (blue ecocriticism). Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif dengan pendekatan hermeneutik-ekologis, yang menempatkan laut bukan hanya sebagai latar naratif, melainkan sebagai entitas epistemologis dan spiritual dalam konstruksi budaya pesisir. Data penelitian meliputi tiga jenis teks utama yang merepresentasikan kontinuitas estetika maritim, yaitu teks klasik Sureq Galigo, syair lisan elong pabbali-bali, serta puisi kontemporer pesisir seperti “Puisi Nelayan Makassar” karya Rahman Arge dan “Ombak Tak Pernah Diam” karya Syamsul Bahri. Analisis dilakukan dengan memadukan teori metafora konseptual untuk menafsirkan hubungan timbal balik antara manusia dan lingkungan pesisir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laut dalam tradisi Bugis–Makassar berfungsi sebagai sumber nilai ekologis, etika, dan spiritual, yang membentuk pandangan hidup masyarakat pesisir tentang keseimbangan dan keberlanjutan. Laut tidak hanya hadir sebagai ruang geografis, tetapi juga sebagai “guru ekologis” yang mengajarkan harmoni antara manusia dan alam. Hasil kajian ini memperkaya pengembangan teori sastra ekologis dengan menempatkan laut sebagai aktor epistemologis dalam kerangka blue humanities Nusantara. Temuan ini sekaligus berkontribusi terhadap penguatan wacana dekolonisasi teori sastra Indonesia yang berpijak pada ekologi budaya pesisir dan memperluas horizon penelitian sastra berbasis kearifan lokal maritim.
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