Analisis Psikolinguistik terhadap Keterlambatan Bicara pada Anak dengan ADHD: Studi Kasus Reiha
Abstract
Studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti aspek suara pada anak yang memiliki Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) dengan menggunakan pendekatan psikolinguistik. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah Raiha, seorang gadis berusia tujuh tahun yang bersekolah di taman kanak-kanak inklusif di Kabupaten Tanggamus, Lampung. Metode yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan fokus pada studi kasus tunggal. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan rekaman ucapan, lalu dianalisis dengan metode padan fonetis artikulatoris untuk menemukan jenis kesalahan fonologis. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Raiha mengalami berbagai jenis kesalahan suara, termasuk penggantian fonem, penghilangan, distorsi, dan pengurangan konsonan ganda. Kesalahan ini sangat terkait dengan gangguan perhatian dan sifat impulsif yang memengaruhi kemampuan memori kerja serta kontrol motorik pada organ bicara. Di samping faktor kognitif, kurangnya interaksi verbal di sekitarnya pun memperburuk masalah fonologis yang ada. Dari sudut pandang psikolinguistik, keterlambatan bicara yang dialami oleh Raiha disebabkan tidak hanya oleh masalah pengucapan, tetapi juga oleh gangguan dalam proses berpikir ketika menyimpan dan memproduksi suara bahasa. Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi pedoman bagi pendidik dan terapis bicara untuk merancang intervensi yang tepat bagi anak ADHD yang mengalami masalah fonologis.
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