Sjuzet dan Fabula dalam Cerpen “Wiro Seledri” karya GM Sudarta
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran sjuzet dan fabula dalam cerpen "Wiro Seledri" karya GM Sudarta. Cerpen yang pertama kali dimuat di harian Kompas pada 10 Juli 2011 ini mengangkat kisah Mbah Wiro Seledri, seorang eks tahanan politik korban peristiwa 1965-1966 yang tinggal di gubuk bambu dekat rel kereta. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Objek penelitian adalah cerpen "Wiro Seledri" dengan teknik pengumpulan data baca, simak, dan catat. Data divalidasi berdasarkan kesesuaian dengan teori dan objek, kemudian dianalisis dengan mengkaji sjuzet dan fabula berdasarkan teori naratologi struktural dari Shklovsky, Tomashevsky, dan Mieke Bal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fabula cerpen ini terdiri atas 14 peristiwa kronologis yang tersusun secara linear dan kausal, dimulai dari masa muda Mbah Wiro sebagai petani kaya hingga kematiannya yang disengaja di rel kereta. Sementara itu, sjuzet ditemukan dalam 8 unit penyajian yang disusun secara non-linear dengan pola in medias res (pembukaan kematian), flashback bertahap, flashback besar yang mencakup masa lalu 40-50 tahun, foreshadowing, dan struktur melingkar. Perbedaan antara fabula dan sjuzet menciptakan efek misteri, ironi dramatis, dan defamiliarisasi terhadap narasi sejarah resmi. Manipulasi sjuzet berhasil menggeser fokus pembaca dari pertanyaan "apa yang terjadi?" menjadi "mengapa hal itu terjadi?", sehingga pembaca tidak sekadar menerima informasi faktual tetapi diajak merenungkan makna di balik tragedi kemanusiaan 1965-1966. Keberhasilan struktur naratif cerpen ini sangat ditentukan oleh pengolahan sjuzet yang kreatif, bukan hanya dari kekuatan fabula semata
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