Studi Komparatif Unsur Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik dalam Cerpen Robohnya Surau Kami karya A.A. Navis dan Al-Khubz al-Hafi karya Mohammed Choukri
Abstract
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis persamaan dan perbedaan, serta nilai-nilai universal dalam dua karya sastra dari latar budaya berbeda melalui pendekatan sastra bandingan. Objek penelitian adalah cerpen “Robohnya Surau Kami” karya A.A. Navis (Indonesia) dan novel “Al-Khubz al-Hāfī” karya Mohammed Choukri (Maroko). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif interpretatif dengan jenis deskriptif-komparatif. Teknik pemerolehan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis isi (content analysis) dengan tahapan reduksi, klasifikasi, interpretasi, komparasi, dan sintesis. Bentuk data yang dianalisis adalah data teksual (unsur intrinsik dan ekstrinsik) dari kedua karya serta sumber sekunder pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun berasal dari konteks sosio-historis yang berbeda (Minangkabau pascakemerdekaan dan Maroko pascakolonial), kedua karya memiliki kesamaan dalam menyuarakan kritik sosial terhadap kemiskinan, ketimpangan, dan problem religiusitas. Analisis intrinsik mengungkap kesamaan penggunaan sudut pandang orang pertama dan tema penderitaan, sementara analisis ekstrinsik menunjukkan perbedaan strategi kritik: Navis dengan satire religius-humanis dan Choukri dengan realisme otobiografis yang brutal. Keduanya berfungsi sebagai medium pendidikan karakter dan dialog lintas budaya, menegaskan peran sastra dalam menyampaikan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan universal.
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