Penggunaan Umpatan sebagai Strategi Pragmatik dalam Interaksi Kelompok Sebaya pada Dewasa Awal
Abstract
Penggunaan kata umpatan dalam interaksi kelompok sebaya merupakan fenomena kebahasaan yang menarik karena tidak selalu dimaksudkan untuk menyinggung orang lain, melainkan sering berfungsi sebagai strategi komunikasi pragmatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana kata umpatan digunakan oleh mahasiswa dalam konteks bercanda, saling menggoda, dan mengekspresikan emosi, serta implikasinya terhadap pola interaksi sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dengan analisis pragmatik yang berlandaskan Teori Tindak Tutur (Speech Act Theory) dan fungsi-fungsi pragmatik. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner semi-terstruktur yang telah divalidasi oleh para ahli dan diuji coba sebelumnya, dengan melibatkan empat responden perempuan dalam satu kelompok pertemanan. Analisis data dilakukan secara tematik melalui tahapan pengodean terbuka, aksial, dan selektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kata umpatan seperti “bego,” “anjir,” dan “goblok” berfungsi untuk membangun kedekatan, menegaskan solidaritas, menciptakan humor, dan mengelola emosi, dengan makna yang bergantung pada konteks sosial. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kata umpatan dapat menjadi strategi komunikasi yang positif di antara teman dekat, meskipun tetap dianggap tidak sopan dalam situasi formal. Implikasi penelitian ini memberikan wawasan bagi pendidik, orang tua, dan peneliti bahasa mengenai fungsi sosial kata umpatan dalam komunikasi remaja serta pentingnya memahami konteks dan dinamika kelompok dalam penggunaan bahasa.
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