Pemahaman Konsep Mieru Bunka pada Pembelajaran Apresiasi Lintas Budaya dengan Pendekatan Konstruktivisme
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sejauh mana pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap budaya kasat mata (mieru bunka 見える文化) dan budaya tak kasat mata (mienai bunka 見えない文化) yang terdapat dalam budaya Jepang dan Indonesia melalui pendekatan konstruktivisme. Konsep mieru bunka merujuk pada aspek budaya yang tampak secara visual, seperti pakaian, makanan, dan kebiasaan, sedangkan mienai bunka mencakup nilai, pola pikir, dan norma yang tidak terlihat secara langsung. Menurut John Dewey (1938), seorang tokoh Konstruktivisme, pendekatan konstruktivisme mendorong peserta didik untuk membangun pengetahuan melalui pengalaman belajar (learning by doing) yang kontekstual dan reflektif. Hal ini mendukung pengembangan kesadaran budaya (cultural awareness), empati lintas budaya, serta kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam memahami perbedaan budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan (literary research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan kontruktivisme mampu meningkatkan pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap kedua konsep budaya tersebut secara lebih mendalam dan kontekstual. Mahasiswa tidak hanya mampu mengidentifikasi perbedaan budaya yang bersifat visual, tetapi juga memahami nilai dan cara berpikir yang melatarbelakangi praktik budaya Jepang.
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