Ideologi dan Representasi Sosial dalam Wacana Barak Militer Dedi Mulyadi: Pendekatan Norman Fairclough
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan struktur linguistik dan retoris dalam teks berita yang membingkai wacana barak militer, mengidentifikasi dan menginterpretasikan ideologi yang terkandung, serta mendeskripsikan representasi sosial terhadap tokoh, kelompok sasaran, dan nilai-nilai sosial dibentuk dalam teks dan praktik wacana. Data penelitian berupa teks berita media daring BBC News Indonesia, Okezone News, Tempo.co, Kompas.com, dan Jawa Pos. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode dokumentasi dengan teknik simak dan catat. Analisis menggunakan model tiga dimensi wacana Norman Fairclough. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur linguistik dan retoris dalam teks berita yang membingkai wacana barak militer berupa labelisasi dan eufemisme sebagai mekanisme kuasa simbolik, struktur kontras dan negasi sebagai strategi legitimasi, pilihan leksikal formal dan teknis sebagai bentuk rasionalisasi kebijakan, serta metafora dan hiperbola sebagai pembentuk persepsi moral dan krisis; ideologi yang tecermin berupa ideologi kritis humanistik, tekno-birokratis dan reformis, hak anak dan etika sosial, paternalistik-moral dan kolaboratif, serta disiplin-ekonomistik; dan representasi sosial terhadap tokoh dan sasaran dalam wacana meliputi representasi anak dan KDM. Anak direpresentasikan sebagai korban sistem sosial dan pendidikan yang gagal memberikan perlindungan dan sebagai subjek moral yang perlu dibina, bukan korban. KDM direpresentasikan sebagai figur ayah bangsa dan pembimbing moral dan sebagai figur paradoksal antara moralitas dan kontrol sosial. Kemudian, nilai yang diusung adalah yang berakar pada empati, kebebasan, hak anak, serta demokrasi pendidikan; profesionalisme, rasionalitas, dan akuntabilitas publik; tanggung jawab moral, kemanusiaan, dan kolaborasi sosial; serta disiplin, ketertiban, dan nasionalisme produktif.
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