Pemosisian Bahasa Tersangka dalam Interogasi Penyidikan: Analisis Appraisal Atas Stance dan Relasi Kuasa
Abstract
Pendirian (distance) dalam percakapan penyidikan merupakan konstruksi linguistik yang mengungkap bagaimana tersangka memposisikan diri terhadap informasi, tuduhan, dan kerangka wacana yang dibangun oleh penyidik. Penelitian ini menganalisis pendirian tersangka dalam percakapan penyidikan tindak pidana umum melalui kerangka Appraisal System (Martin & White, 2005), khususnya subsistem engagement. Data penelitian bersumber dari transkrip percakapan penyidikan kasus penipuan dan penggelapan yang berlangsung di Ditreskrimum Polda Sulawesi Selatan pada 19 Oktober 2022. Sebanyak 27 penggunaan pendirian (distance) diidentifikasi dan diklasifikasikan ke dalam empat sistem pemosisian: menyangkal, menyatakan, menerima, dan merujuk. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemosisian menerima mendominasi dengan 13 penggunaan, diikuti menyatakan (8), merujuk (4), dan menyangkal (2). Dominannya sistem menerima mengindikasikan bahwa tersangka menampilkan sikap kooperatif sekaligus submisif terhadap kerangka wacana penyidik, memperkuat teori asimetri interaksional dalam percakapan interogatif. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendirian tersangka tidak hanya mencerminkan strategi linguistik, tetapi juga menunjukkan relasi kuasa, tekanan psikologis, dan persepsi risiko hukum yang melekat dalam percakapan penyidikan. Implikasi penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan standar etis interogasi, pelatihan linguistik forensik, serta penguatan perspektif keadilan prosedural dalam praktik penegakan hukum.
Downloads
References
Ayomi, Putu Nur. 2022. Realisasi Makna Sikap sebagai Pengungkap Pendirian dalam
Percakapan tentang Vaksinasi Covid-19 di Twitter. Aksara, 34 (1), hlm. 121—134.
Bartels, L. 2011. Research in Practice: Police Interviews with Vulnerable Adult Suspects.
Australian Institute of Criminology: Research in Practice, Issue 21, hlm. 2—11.
Coulthard, M., dan Johnson, A. 2007a. An Introduction to Forensic Linguistics: Language in
Evidence. Routledge.
Coulthard, M., dan Johnson, A. 2007b. An Introduction to Forensic Linguistics:30 Language in
Evidence. Routledge.
Du Bois, J. W. 2007. The Stance Triangle. In R. Englebretson (Ed.), Stancetaking in Discourse:
Subjectivity, Evaluation, Interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, hlm. 139—182.
Evans, R. 2010. Policing and Society: An Police Interrogations and the Royal Commission on
Criminal Justice. International Journal of Research, 4 (1), hlm. 73—81.
Fairclough, N. 1995. Critical Discourse Analysis: the Critical Study of Language. New York:
Longman Publishing.
Gibbons, J. 2003. Forensic Linguistics: an Introduction to Language in The Justice System. Wiley
Blackwell.
Gibbons, J. 1996. Distorsion of the Police Interview Revealed by Video Tape.
International Journal of Speech, Language and Law, 3 (2), hlm. 289—298.
Hydon, G. 2012. Helping The Police with Their Enquiries: Enhancing The Investigative Interview
with Linguistic Research. The Police Journal, 85 (2), hlm. 101—122.
Leahy-Harland, S., & Bull, R. 2016. Police Strategies and Suspect Responses in Real- Life Serious
Crime Interviews. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 31 (3), hlm. 165—228.
Martin, J.R. & White, P.R.R. 2005. The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English.
New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Panggabean, S. dan T. Silvana S. 2018. Praanggapan Penyidik dalam Interviu Investigatif (Kajian
Linguistik Forensik dalam Penyusunan Berita Acara Pemeriksaan). Prosiding. The 11th
International Workshop and Conference of Asean Studies in Linguistics, Islamic and
Arabic Education, Social Sciences and Educational Technology, hlm. 90—95.
Rahmawati, Nur. 2021. Pelanggaran Prinsip Kerja Sama dan Prinsip Kesantunan Berbahasa
Percakapan dalam Acara “Mata Najwa”. Diskursus: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa
Indonesia, 4 (1), hlm. 46—55.
Silalahi, Duma Sarah Adinda. 2019. Kajian Implikatur Percakapan dalam Interogasi Anak yang
Berkonflik dengan Hukum. Prosiding Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, hlm. 708—714.
Thompson, G. 2014. Introducing functional grammar (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Thompson, G. 2014. Affect and Emotion, Target-Value Mismatches, and Russian Dolls:
Refining the Appraisal Model. Jhon Benjamins Publishing Company, hlm. 47—66.
Verhoeven, W. J. 2018. The Complex Relationship Between Interrogation Techniques,
Suspects Changing Their Statement and Legal Assistance. Evidence from a Dutch
Sample of Police Interviews. Policing and Society, 28 (3), hlm. 308— 327.
Copyright (c) 2025 Deni Indrawan, Dedi Risaldi, Andi Karman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
By submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.
License
The use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by the stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
User/Public Rights
Under the Creative Commons license, users are allowed to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work. Users will also need to attribute authors on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications. Unless otherwise stated, the authors are public entities as soon as their articles got published.
Rights of Authors
Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights;
- Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
- The right to self-archive the article,
- The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. The journal will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. The journal will only communicate with the corresponding author.
Royalties
Being an open accessed journal and disseminating articles for free under the Creative Commons license term mentioned, author(s) aware that the journal entitles the author(s) to no royalties or other fees.
Miscellaneous
The article will be published in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed. The editors may modify the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing, and usage that deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers.
