Orang Patut: Konstruksi Identitas dan Kekuasaan dalam Kepemimpinan Melayu Tradisional
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep orang patut dalam masyarakat Melayu yang berfokus pada pembentukan hierarki sosial dan kepemimpinan. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa teks klasik Tunjuk Ajar Melayu tentang konsep kepemimpinan, moralitas, dan legitimasi kekuasaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi pustaka dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Kajian memaparkan bahwa norma adat “adat bersendi syarak, syarak bersendi Kitabullah” yang mengarah standar kepatuhan dan otoritas pemimpin sebagai teladan, penengah, dan penjaga marwah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Orang Patut berfungsi sebagai modal simbolik yang meneguhkan marwah, akal, dan budi sebagai syarat kepemimpinan, sekaligus menjadi mekanisme sosial untuk menilai teladan, penengah, dan penjaga tata nilai. Pada era modernisasi, makna kepatutan bergeser menuju integritas, kompetensi, dan tanggung jawab sosial tanpa menanggalkan landasan etis adat. Temuan ini menegaskan relevansi Orang Patut sebagai kerangka etika kepemimpinan Melayu kontemporer.
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