Kalimat Interogatif Bagi Penyandang Tunarungu Analisis Kompetensi Sintaksis
Abstract
Makalah ini mengkaji kompetensi sintaksis penyandang tunarungu (PTR) dalam membentuk kalimat interogatif bahasa Indonesia melalui komunikasi tulis di media sosial Facebook. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk kalimat interogatif yang dihasilkan oleh PTR dan menganalisis seberapa jauh kapasitas sintaksis mereka berkembang dalam konteks keterbatasan input auditori. Data berupa tuturan interogatif dikumpulkan dari berbagai grup komunitas PTR di Facebook, kemudian dianalisis dengan pendekatan tata bahasa struktural dan teori Tata Bahasa Universal serta Language Acquisition Device (LAD) dari Chomsky (1957, 1965). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PTR memiliki kompetensi sintaksis yang aktif dan produktif. Mereka mampu membentuk kalimat interogatif dengan memanfaatkan semua kategori kata tanya utama (apa, siapa, kapan, di mana, mengapa, bagaimana, dan berapa), serta menempatkannya di awal, tengah, maupun akhir kalimat. Meskipun demikian, ditemukan penyimpangan sistematis seperti kesalahurutan struktur (misordering), penghilangan elemen fungsional (misalnya preposisi di), serta tidak digunakannya partikel tanya -kah. Penyimpangan ini tidak menunjukkan kekurangan dalam penguasaan kaidah, tetapi mencerminkan keterbatasan model bahasa dan keterlambatan pemerolehan bahasa (delay language), sebagaimana dijelaskan oleh Crain dan Lillo-Martin (1999). Secara teoretis, temuan ini tidak hanya memverifikasi eksistensi LAD, tetapi juga memperluasnya melalui bukti bahwa pemerolehan sintaksis dapat berlangsung secara efektif melalui stimulus visual. PTR membangun struktur bahasa tidak melalui bunyi, melainkan melalui interaksi visual berbasis tulisan, sehingga mendukung pendekatan visual-driven syntax acquisition dalam studi linguistik non-auditori. Selain itu, hasil ini juga memperkaya studi sintaksis bahasa Indonesia, khususnya dalam konteks komunikasi digital dan populasi berkebutuhan khusus, dengan menunjukkan kecenderungan simplifikasi struktur yang tetap mempertahankan fungsi komunikatif. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoretis dan praktis yang signifikan bagi linguistik kognitif, pendidikan inklusif, serta pengembangan teknologi literasi untuk komunitas tunarungu di era digital.
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