Analisis Perubahan Wujud Zat Melalui Metode Eksperimen pada Mata Pelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the implementation of the experimental method in science learning on the topic of changes in the states of matter in elementary school and to examine its influence on students’ understanding. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving fifth-grade elementary school students as the research subjects. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation during the learning process. The experimental method was applied through several simple activities related to melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and crystallization. Students directly observed the processes of changes in the states of matter through hands-on experiments that were closely connected to everyday phenomena. The findings revealed that the use of the experimental method increased students’ active participation, curiosity, and engagement during science learning activities. In addition, students demonstrated better understanding of science concepts because the material was presented through direct experience and contextual learning. The implementation of the experimental method also supported teachers in creating a more interactive, interesting, and less monotonous classroom atmosphere. Therefore, the experimental method can be considered an effective alternative teaching strategy to improve the quality of science learning, particularly in teaching changes in the states of matter at the elementary school level.