Deteksi Dini dan Pencegahan Chronic Ankle Instability Berbasis Sport-Specific Movement pada Atlet Muda
Abstract
Abstrak
Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) merupakan kondisi kronis pasca cedera lateral ankle sprain, ditandai episode giving way berulang dan gangguan neuromuskular menetap. Prevalensinya 18–25% pada atlet remaja dan dewasa muda, dengan angka kekambuhan hingga 70% pada olahraga intensitas tinggi. Defisit propriosepsi, gangguan joint position sense, dan lemahnya kontrol postural adalah mekanisme patofisiologi utama yang menjaga persistensi CAI. Ketiadaan sistem deteksi dini berbasis instrumen terstandar dan program pencegahan sport-specific movement di sekolah mendorong pelaksanaan program pengabdian ini. Program bertujuan meningkatkan kapasitas 45 siswa atlet muda dan 6 guru olahraga di SMA mitra Kota Malang dalam mendeteksi dini serta mencegah CAI. Lima tahap dilaksanakan: (1) sosialisasi dan edukasi, (2) pelatihan asesmen menggunakan Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), (3) latihan propriosepsi, keseimbangan, dan penguatan otot berbasis sport-specific movement (8 sesi × 60 menit), (4) pendampingan dan evaluasi, serta (5) penyusunan modul preventif digital dan cetak. Rerata skor CAIT meningkat 4,2 poin (20,3±3,1 menjadi 24,5±2,8; p<0,001; d=0,85). Skor pengetahuan naik 68,9% (51,3±8,4 menjadi 86,7±6,2; d=1,52). Single-leg balance membaik signifikan (p<0,001; d=1,21). Siswa berisiko tinggi turun dari 26,7% menjadi 8,9%, dan seluruh guru olahraga mencapai kompetensi skrining CAIT mandiri. Pemberdayaan guru sebagai fasilitator lokal menjadi kunci keberlanjutan sistem pencegahan cedera di sekolah.
Kata Kunci: chronic ankle instability; deteksi dini; pencegahan cedera; sport-specific movement; atlet muda
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References
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