Analisis Wacana Hoaks Politik Jelang Pemilu 2024: Integrasi Pendekatan Kritis Teori Teun A. Van Dijk AI oleh Veritext
Abstract
Menjelang Pemilu 2024, ruang digital Indonesia dibanjiri hoaks politik yang disebarkan secara sistematis melalui media sosial. Artikel ini mengintegrasikan pendekatan Analisis Wacana Kritis (AWK) Teun A. van Dijk dengan teknologi Artificial Intelligence (AI), khususnya Natural Language Processing dan analisis sentimen, untuk mengkaji struktur, ideologi, dan aktor di balik hoaks politik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif, memanfaatkan data dari media sosial dan portal berita daring. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa hoaks politik menggunakan strategi linguistik manipulatif seperti frasa imperatif, bahasa emotif, dan simbol religius untuk membentuk opini publik. Aktor penyebar hoaks meliputi tim politik formal, buzzer, akun anonim, hingga masyarakat umum yang minim literasi digital. AI terbukti mampu mendeteksi pola bahasa hoaks secara otomatis, namun masih memiliki keterbatasan dalam memahami konteks dan dinamika sosial. Oleh karena itu, pendekatan interdisipliner sangat penting untuk membangun ekosistem informasi politik yang lebih sehat, adil, dan demokratis di era digital.
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