Representasi Alam dan Spiritual dalam Novel Bilangan Fu Karya Ayu Utami (Kajian Ekofeminisme)
Abstract
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dikaji melalui ekofeminisme yang bertujuan: (1) mengklasifikasi dan mengeksplanasi representasi alam melalui ekofeminisme dalam novel Bilangan FU karya Ayu Utami. (2) mengklasifikasi dan mengeksplanasi representasi spiritual melalui ekofeminisme dalam novel Bilangan FU karya Ayu Utami. Penelitian ini berfokus pada kutipan teks yang mengandung unsur ekofeminisme alam dan ekofeminisme spiritual dalam novel Bilangan Fu karya Ayu Utami. Data dalam penelitian ini ialah kutipan langsung, tuturan atau dialog yang terkait dengan fokus penelitian di dalamnya yang mengandung ekofeminisme alam dan ekofeminisme spiritul dalam novel Bilangan Fu karya Ayu Utami. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik dokumentasi, teknik baca, dan teknik catat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: pertama representasi ekofeminisme alam ditemukan empat klasifikasi yaitu, (1) penindasan terhadap alam dan perempuan, (2) peran perempuan dan kearifan lokal menunjukan bahwa perempuan sangat berperan penting terkait dengan pengetahuan lokal dan pelestarian alam. (3) kritik terhadap modernitas dan eksploitasi alam mengkritik proyek-proyek modernisasi dan industrialisasi yang merusak alam, (4) diskriminasi gender terhadap laki-laki dilihat dari hubungan manusia dengan alam dalam novel Bilangan Fu karya Ayu Utami, kedua representasi ekofeminisme spiritual ditemukan dua klasifikasi yaitu (1) kepercayaan tradisional, mitologi, dan ritual yang memuat kepercayaan mistis yang masih mengakar dalam kehidupan masyarakat, seperti kepercayaan terhadap kekuatan-kekuatan magis penanggalan-penanggalan Jawa kuno, upacara sesajen dan bertapa untuk mendapatkan kesaktian, (2) peran perempuan dalam konteks alam dan spiritual yang masyarakatnya masih mempercayai dewi-dewi sebagai pemberi kehidupan, kesuburan, dan keselamatan yang patut untuk dihormati.
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