Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa Tataran Morfologi dalam Keterampilan Menulis Pemelajar BIPA di Kelas
Abstract
BIPA (Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing) merupakan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang subjeknya adalah pemelajar asing. BIPA dipandang lebih pada faktor pemelajarnya. Orang-orang yang menjadi subjek pembelajaran BIPA adalah orang asing, bukan penutur bahasa Indonesia. Morfologi adalah bagian dari ilmu bahasa yang mempelajari seluk beluk bentuk kata serta perubahan bentuk kata terhadap arti dan golongan kata. Kesalahan berbahasa ini merupakan hal wajar terjadi dalam proses pembelajaran bahasa kedua, yang berbeda dari bahasa ibu mereka. Meskipun kesalahan-kesalahan ini mungkin tampak sepele, ini dapat memengaruhi kemampuan pemelajar dalam mempelajari bahasa Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berfokus pada kesalahan berbahasa dalam tulisan pemelajar BIPA di kelas. Analisis kesalahan berbahasa ini membantu pengajar dalam mengidentifikasi sumber kesalahan yang dialami oleh pemelajar, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan evaluasi dalam proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik yang digunakan dalam Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian yaitu observasi dan dokumentasi serta teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kesalahan (error analysis) yang difokuskan pada tataran morfologi. Analisis kesalahan berbahasa tataran morfologi pada tulisan pemelajar BIPA menunjukkan beberapa pola kesalahan yang konsisten. Kesalahan-kesalahan tersebut meliputi penghilangan dan penambahan fonem, kesalahan dalam proses afiksasi, ketidaksesuaian dalam reduplikasi, kesulitan pembentukan frasa verbal, dan keterbatasan penguasaan kosakata.
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