Analisis Poskolonialisme dalam Novel Kuli Karya Madelon Hermine Székely-Lulofs
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk mimikri, hibriditas, dan ambivalensi yang terdapat dalam novel Kuli karya Madelon Hermine Székely-Lulofs berdasarkan teori poskolonialisme Homi K. Bhabha. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah novel Kuli karya Madelon Hermine Székely-Lulofs, sedangkan data penelitian berupa kutipan kata, kalimat, dialog, dan teks yang mengandung bentuk mimikri, hibriditas, dan ambivalensi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik baca dan catat, kemudian data dianalisis melalui tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 25 data bentuk poskolonial yang terdiri atas bentuk mimikri sebanyak 10 data, hibriditas sebanyak 6 data, dan ambivalensi sebanyak 9 data. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk mimikri dalam novel Kuli ditampilkan melalui peniruan unsur-unsur budaya kolonial oleh masyarakat pribumi, sedangkan hibriditas ditunjukkan melalui percampuran unsur budaya pribumi dan kolonial yang menghasilkan bentuk budaya atau identitas baru. Sementara itu, ambivalensi ditunjukkan melalui adanya perasaan atau sikap yang bertentangan terhadap budaya dan kehidupan kolonial, seperti ketertarikan yang disertai keterikatan terhadap identitas pribumi. Ketiga bentuk tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara masyarakat pribumi dan kolonial tidak berlangsung secara sederhana, tetapi menghasilkan proses peniruan, percampuran budaya, serta konflik dan ketegangan identitas. Berdasarkan perspektif poskolonial Homi K. Bhabha, novel Kuli tidak hanya menggambarkan kehidupan masyarakat dalam situasi kolonial, tetapi juga merepresentasikan dampak pertemuan budaya kolonial dan pribumi melalui mimikri, hibriditas, dan ambivalensi sebagai bentuk dinamika identitas dalam masyarakat kolonial.
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