Pelanggaran Maksim dalam Dialog Film “Setetes Embun Cinta Niyala"
Abstract
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh dialog film Setetes Embun Cinta Niyala yang mengandung pelanggaran terhadap prinsip kerja sama dalam berkomunikasi, sehingga menimbulkan makna tersirat yang berperan penting dalam membangun karakter tokoh. Kajian mengenai pelanggaran maksim pada film Indonesia, khususnya media audiovisual, masih tergolong terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis pelanggaran maksim yang terdapat dalam dialog film Setetes Embun Cinta Niyala berdasarkan teori Grice dan (2) mendeksripsikan fungsi pelanggaran maksim dalam membangun karakter tokoh. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah dialog film Setetes Embun Cinta Niyala karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy yang disutradarai oleh Anggy Umbara dan dirilis secara ekslusif di Netflix pada 31 Maret 2025 dengan durasi 109 menit. Data dikumpulkan melalui Teknik Simak dan catat, kemudia dianalisis menggunakan teori prinsip kerja sama Grice dan konsep karakter tokoh melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam dialog film tersebut ditemukan 28 data pelanggaran maksim, yaitu 5 data maksim kuantitas, 5 data maksim kualitas, 13 data maksim relevansi dan 5 data maksim cara. Maksim relevansi sebagai jenis pelanggaran maksim paling dominan. Selain itu, ditemukan 25 data nilai karakter tokoh yang terbangun melalui pelanggaran maksim tersebut, yaitu karakter bertanggung jawab terdapat 6 data, tolong menolong 1 data, pendirian teguh 3 data, perhatian, 8 data, penyayang 1 data, pemarah 4 data, dan tidak memaksa kehendak orang lain 2 data, dengan karakter perhatian sebagai karakter yang paling dominan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pelanggaran maksim dalam dialog film tersebut bukan terjadi tanpa sengaja, melainkan strategi naratif untuk menggambarkan sifat, emosi, hubungan antartokoh sepanjang alur cerita.
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