Produktivitas Afiks Pembentuk Kelas Kata Dalam Bahasa Kaili Dialek Doi: Kajian Morfologis
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk, fungsi, dan produktivitas afiks pembentuk kelas kata dalam Bahasa Kaili dialek Doi. Kajian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh masih terbatasnya dokumentasi linguistik mengenai sistem morfologi Bahasa Kaili, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan proses afiksasi sebagai mekanisme pembentukan kata. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data penelitian berupa tuturan penutur asli Bahasa Kaili dialek Doi yang diperoleh di Desa Limboro, Kecamatan Banawa Tengah, Kabupaten Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik simak, wawancara, rekam, dan catat, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode agih dan metode padan dengan teknik Bagi Unsur Langsung (BUL), lesap, ganti, dan ubah wujud. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa afiks pembentuk nomina terdiri atas prefiks {topo-}, {to-}, {pang-}, {po-}, dan {ditopo-}, sufiks {-ka}, serta konfiks {na-/-saka}, {nipaka-/-na}, {pe-/-na}, dan {nika-/-ti}. Afiks pembentuk adjektiva ditemukan dalam bentuk prefiks {mpe-}, afiks pembentuk verba meliputi prefiks {no-}, {ne-}, dan {na-}, sedangkan afiks pembentuk adverbia terdiri atas sufiks {-puna} dan klitika {-mo}. Afiks-afiks tersebut membentuk berbagai makna gramatikal, seperti pelaku, alat, hasil, proses, keadaan, tindakan, intensitas, dan penegasan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem afiksasi Bahasa Kaili dialek Doi bersifat produktif karena mampu membentuk berbagai kelas kata secara sistematis melalui pola derivasi yang relatif konsisten. Penelitian ini memperkaya kajian morfologi bahasa daerah di Indonesia serta menyediakan data empiris yang mendukung dokumentasi, pelestarian, dan pengembangan Bahasa Kaili.
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