Deskripsi Fonologis Bahasa Kaili Dialek Doi: Inventaris Fonem dan Struktur Suku Kata di Limboro Donggala
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan sistem fonologis Bahasa Kaili Dialek Doi yang digunakan masyarakat Desa Limboro, Kecamatan Banawa Tengah, Kabupaten Donggala, dengan fokus pada inventaris fonem dan struktur suku kata sebagai bagian dari dokumentasi bahasa daerah yang masih terbatas. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dalam kerangka linguistik deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari penutur asli Bahasa Kaili Dialek Doi melalui observasi, wawancara, elisitasi, dan perekaman tuturan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode distribusional dengan teknik pasangan minimal untuk mengidentifikasi oposisi fonemis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bahasa Kaili Dialek Doi memiliki lima fonem vokal, yaitu /a/, /i/, /u/, /e/, dan /o/, dengan distribusi pada posisi awal, tengah, dan akhir kata. Analisis fonem konsonan menunjukkan adanya oposisi bunyi yang berfungsi membedakan makna, termasuk keberadaan fonem /v/ sebagai salah satu karakter fonologis penting dialek ini. Selain itu, ditemukan 25 pola deret vokal, enam pola deret konsonan (/mp/, /mb/, /nt/, /nd/, /ngg/, dan /nj/), serta empat pola struktur suku kata, yakni V, VK, KV, dan KVK, dengan dominasi pola KV. Temuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Bahasa Kaili Dialek Doi memiliki sistem bunyi yang mengikuti kecenderungan umum bahasa-bahasa Austronesia sekaligus mempertahankan karakter fonologis lokal yang khas. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengayaan dokumentasi linguistik Bahasa Kaili serta menyediakan dasar empiris bagi kajian fonologi dialektal dan upaya pelestarian bahasa daerah di Sulawesi Tengah.
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