“Gedang Omong, Dak Nyato” Pola Entailment Metafora dalam Tuturan Masyarakat Multietnis Melayu-Jambi
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pola entailment metafora dalam tuturan masyarakat multietnis Melayu Jambi di Desa Gemuruh, Kecamatan Tungkal Ulu. Sebagai produk masyarakat yang terbentuk melalui interaksi multietnis secara berkelanjutan, bahasa berperan penting dalam membangun kesepahaman dan menjaga keharmonisan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif fenomenologis dalam kerangka sosiolinguistik. Data penelitian berupa tuturan metaforis yang digunakan secara alami dalam interaksi sehari-hari, diperoleh melalui observasi partisipatif dan perekaman percakapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh metafora yang ditemukan menghasilkan entailment sebagai konsekuensi makna implisit yang dipahami secara kolektif oleh penutur dan mitra tutur. Entailment metafora tersebut berfungsi dalam tiga ranah utama, yaitu evaluasi tuturan sosial, pembingkaian pengalaman kehidupan, dan konstruksi nilai moral. Metafora digunakan untuk menilai ujaran, membingkai kehidupan sebagai proses, serta meneguhkan norma dan tanggung jawab sosial secara tidak langsung. Selain itu, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa entailment metafora beroperasi sebagai mekanisme linguistik bersama yang melampaui batas etnis, sehingga metafora dalam bahasa Melayu Jambi berfungsi sebagai bagian dari repertori komunikasi kolektif masyarakat multietnis. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap kajian sosiolinguistik terhadap peran metafora dan entailment sebagai mekanisme implisit yang mendukung integrasi sosial dan keharmonisan komunikasi dalam masyarakat multietnis.
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