Proses Pemerolehan Bahasa pada Anak: Perkembangan Bicara Anak Perempuan Usia 16 Bulan
Abstract
Penelitian ini mengamati bagaimana anak usia 1 tahun 4 bulan belajar bahasa, dengan mengambil studi kasus seorang anak bernama Muzayyanah Millah Ahmad. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengamatan alami, pencatatan harian, dan analisis rekaman audio-video. Fokus penelitian ada pada tiga hal: (1) perkembangan kosakata awal anak, (2) kemampuannya memahami komunikasi, dan (3) pengaruh stimulasi dari lingkungan sekitar. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa pada usia 16 bulan, Muzayyanah sudah bisa mengucapkan 7 kata, terutama nama benda, dan memahami 7 perintah sederhana. Interaksi orang tua yang responsif, seperti memperhatikan objek yang sama dengan anak (joint attention) dan memberikan bantuan linguistik, terbukti mempercepat perkembangan kosakata. Selain itu, anak ini juga menunjukkan kemampuan khusus dalam mengenali bunyi kata, yang mendukung teori bahwa stimulasi di usia dini sangat penting untuk perkembangan bahasa. Penelitian ini memberikan dua kontribusi penting: pertama, bukti empiris tentang proses belajar bahasa dalam keluarga urban di Indonesia, dan kedua, penguatan metode stimulasi bahasa berbasis bukti bagi orang tua. Sebagai rekomendasi praktis, orang tua disarankan menggunakan pendekatan multimodal (seperti gambar, suara, dan gerakan) untuk membantu anak mempelajari kata-kata baru.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Ahmad, Firdawati Rahim
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