Analisis Teori Tindak Tutur J.L Austin dalam Novel “Catatan Harian Menantu Sinting” Karya Rosi L. Simamora
Abstract
Dengan menggunakan teori tindak tutur yang diusulkan oleh J. L. Austin, penelitian ini berfokus pada bentuk dan fungsi tindak tutur yang digunakan oleh tokoh-tokoh dalam buku Rosi L. Simamora's Catatan Harian Menantu Sinting, khususnya tindak lokusi, ilokusi, dan perlokusi, serta bagaimana tindak tutur tersebut menciptakan makna, konflik, dan hubungan antartokoh dalam cerita. Salah satu definisi tindak tutur adalah tindakan yang dilakukan melalui ucapan atau ujaran. Bahasa tidak hanya digunakan untuk menyampaikan informasi, menurut J. L. Austin, tetapi juga untuk melakukan sesuatu, seperti memerintah, meminta, menyarankan, berjanji, atau mengungkapkan perasaan. Oleh karena itu, setiap kata dalam novel memiliki makna khusus yang hanya dapat dipahami sepenuhnya dalam konteks di mana mereka digunakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif karena tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan fenomena kebahasaan yang ditemukan dalam teks sastra secara menyeluruh tanpa menggunakan perhitungan statistik. Kata, frasa, kalimat, dan dialog dengan tindak tutur digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Lihat dan catat adalah metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan. Peneliti membaca novel secara menyeluruh untuk mendengarkan ucapan para tokoh. Setelah itu, mereka mencatat bagian-bagian teks yang mengandung ucapan sesuai dengan klasifikasi teori J. L. Austin. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian dikelompokkan dan dianalisis sesuai dengan jenis tindak tutur. Dalam penelitian ini, instrumen utama yang digunakan adalah peneliti sendiri, karena mereka berpartisipasi secara langsung dalam proses pengumpulan, pengklasifikasian, dan analisis data. Untuk membantu proses analisis, juga digunakan instrumen pendukung seperti pedoman analisis tindak tutur berdasarkan teori J. L. Austin dan tabel klasifikasi data.
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