Analisis Bullying Pada Sekolah Menengah: Pengertian, Penyebab, Pencegahan dan Solusi Penanganan
Abstract
Bullying di sekolah menengah merupakan fenomena kompleks yang berdampak signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis, sosial, dan akademik peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor penyebab, strategi pencegahan, dan solusi penanganan bullying melalui studi literatur terhadap artikel nasional dan internasional terbitan 2020–2025. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa munculnya bullying dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal seperti rendahnya empati, kontrol diri, dan harga diri; faktor eksternal berupa pola asuh tidak adaptif, budaya senioritas, serta lemahnya pengawasan sekolah; serta faktor kontekstual sosial-budaya yang mencakup kompetisi berlebihan, hierarki sosial, dan penetrasi media digital. Pencegahan efektif menuntut penguatan pendidikan karakter, kebijakan anti-bullying, deteksi dini oleh guru dan konselor, dukungan keluarga, serta pembangunan iklim sekolah yang aman dan inklusif. Sementara itu, penanganan membutuhkan pendekatan restoratif, intervensi psikologis, dukungan sebaya, disiplin positif, serta kolaborasi lintas sektor untuk memastikan keberlanjutan intervensi. Secara keseluruhan, bullying dipahami sebagai persoalan multidimensional yang memerlukan strategi integratif guna membangun lingkungan pendidikan yang bebas kekerasan dan berorientasi pada kesejahteraan siswa.
Downloads
References
Al Afghani, A. A., Sahna, A. R., & Amelia, R. (2025). Religiusitas Dan Hubungannya Dengan Perilaku Cyberbullying Pada Remaja Yang Bersekolah Di Islamic Based High School. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Citra Bakti, 12(1), 178-192. https://jurnal.citrabakti.ac.id/index.php/jil/article/view/4754
Al-Ketbi, A., Elkonaisi, I., Abdullahi, A. S., Elbarazi, I., Hamada, B. A., & Grivna, M. (2024). Bullying victimization in schools in the United Arab Emirates: a cross-sectional study. BMC public health, 24(1), 3025. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20392-1
Anita, A., Tini, N., & Ratnawulan, T. (2025). Implementasi Guru Pembimbing BK dalam Mengatasi Bulliying Siswa di SMP Negeri 59 Kota Bandung. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia: Teori, Penelitian, dan Inovasi, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.59818/jpi.v5i4.1896
Ardiyanti, E., Pujianti, E., & Setyaningsih, R. (2025). Upaya Guru dalam Mengatasi Perilaku Bullying Melalui Penanaman Akhlakul Karimah Peserta Didik di Mts Hidayatul Mubtadiin: Penelitian. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Riset Pendidikan, 3(4), 3898-3905. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v3i4.1158
Astifionita, R. V. (2024). Memahami dampak bullying pada siswa sekolah menengah: Dampak emosional, psikologis, dan akademis, serta Implikasi untuk kebijakan dan praktik sekolah. Lebah, 18(1), 36-46. https://plus62.isha.or.id/index.php/abdimas/article/view/238
Cahyaningrum, V. D., Handarini, D. M., & Simon, I. M. (2024). Pengembangan panduan pelatihan empati menggunakan teknik sinema edukasi untuk mencegah perilaku bullying siswa sekolah menengah pertama. Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling, 3(3), 11. https://citeus.um.ac.id/jkbk/vol3/iss3/11
Efianingrum, A., Dwiningrum, S. I. A., & Nurhayati, R. (2020). Cyberbullying pelajar SMA di media sosial: Prevalnsi dan rekomendasi. Jurnal Pembangunan Pendidikan: Fondasi Dan Aplikasi, 8(2), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.21831/jppfa.v8i2.38300
Firmansyah, K. C., & Basit, A. (2024). Social Media and Cyberbullying Behavior:(Case Study at SMA Negeri 6 Tangerang). Jurnal Komunikasi, 18(2), 184-196. https://doi.org/10.21107/ilkom.v18i2.27113
Gunada, I. W., Ayub, S., Rahayu, S., Verawati, N. N. S. V., & Haqqi, M. A. (2025). Gerakan Anti Bullying: Edukasi dan Strategi Pencegahan Untuk Siswa SMA Negeri 2 Jonggat. Jurnal Pengabdian Magister Pendidikan IPA, 8(3), 936-943. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpmpi.v8i3.12882
Handayani, F., Cahyani, T. H., & Lestari, A. (2025). Kebijakan Sekolah dalam Menangani Pelaku Bullying Yang Berstatus Anak di Bawah Umur. Kariman: Jurnal Pendidikan Keislaman, 13(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/10.52185/kariman.v13i1.671
Hughes, A., Grey, E., Haigherty, A. et al. (2025). Weight-related bullying in schools: a review of school anti-bullying policies. BMC Public Health 25, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23170-9
Kusumaningsih, L. P. S. (2023). Perilaku Perundungan (Bullying) ditinjau dari Teori Pembelajaran Sosial. SENRIABDI, 63-71. https://jurnal.usahidsolo.ac.id/index.php/SENRIABDI/article/view/1589
Kusumardi, A. (2024). Teknik Restitusi dalam Menangani Pelaku Bullying, Perundungan Pada Kurikulum Merdeka. LENTERNAL: Learning and Teaching Journal, 5(3), 286-298. https://doi.org/10.32923/lenternal.v5i3.5051
Låftman, S. B., Grigorian, K., Lundin, A., Östberg, V., & Raninen, J. (2024). Bullying experiences before and after the transition from lower to upper secondary school: associations with subsequent mental health in a Swedish cohort. BMC public health, 24(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17443-4
Mashuri, S. F., & Ambarwati, K. D. (2024). Self-esteem pada remaja korban cyberbullying di SMA Islam Sudirman Ambarawa. Jurnal Psikologi Malahayati, 6(2), 307–317. https://www.ejurnalmalahayati.ac.id/index.php/PSIKOLOGI/article/download/16079/pdf
Mil, S., & Ningsih, A. S. (2023). Pengaruh pola asuh otoriter terhadap perilaku agresif anak. Aulad: Journal on Early Childhood, 6(2), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.31004/aulad.v6i2.500
Moody, Z., & Stahel, T. (2025). School bullying: children and adolescent norms, cultures and identity development. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 10, p. 1497681). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1497681
Nenotek, D. Y., Fa’o, E., Suri, Y. D., Ottu, M. A., Tapatab, L., Tugu, I. A., & Lala, S. G. U. (2025). Hubungan Antara Bullying di Sekolah Dasar Terhadap Perkembangan Karakter Antisosial Pada Siswa. Edukreatif: Jurnal Kreativitas dalam Pendidikan, 6(1). https://ijurnal.com/1/index.php/jkp/article/view/430
Ni’mah, S. A. (2023). Pengaruh cyberbullying pada kesehatan mental remaja. In Prosiding Seminar Sastra Budaya dan Bahasa (SEBAYA) (Vol. 3, pp. 329-338). https://e-journal.unmas.ac.id/index.php/sebaya/article/view/7002
Nimala, C., & Anisa, A. (2024). Upaya Guru Bimbingan Konseling Dalam Mengatasi Perilaku Bullying Siswa di UPTD SMP Negeri 1 Mendo Barat. IJoCE: Indonesian Journal of Counseling and Education, 5(1), 1-8. https://rumahjurnal.iainsasbabel.ac.id/IJoCE/article/view/4946
Rachmatan, R., & Ayunizar, S. R. (2017). Cyberbullying pada remaja sma di banda aceh. Jurnal Insight Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, 13(2), 67-79. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Risana-Rachmatan/publication/324220775_CYBERBULLYING_PADA_REMAJA_SMA_DI_BANDA_ACEH/links/5ac5d2ad0f7e9b1067d4db84/CYBERBULLYING-PADA-REMAJA-SMA-DI-BANDA-ACEH.pdf
Rahayu, R. R., Rahmawati, I., & Asmen, F. (2023). Perilaku Cyberbullying di SMA Negeri 1 Kepenuhan. TANJAK: Journal of Education and Teaching, 4(1), 54-61. https://doi.org/10.35961/tanjak.v4i1.733
Rahim, A., & Suyitno, S. (2024). Program pelatihan upaya anti bullying di sekolah dan lingkungan. SABAJAYA Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(05), 230-236. https://doi.org/10.59561/sabajaya.v2i05.437
Rokhanawati, D., SiT, S., Kurniawati, H. F., & SiT, S. (2020). Gambaran Kejadian Bullying Pada Remaja (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta).
Sabramani, V., Idris, I. B., Ismail, H., Nadarajaw, T., Zakaria, E., & Kamaluddin, M. R. (2021). Bullying and Its Associated Individual, Peer, Family and School Factors: Evidence from Malaysian National Secondary School Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 7208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137208
Sangadji, H. (2025). Character Education As A Preventive Efforts Against Bullying In Elementary School Students. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Ekonomi (JUPEK), 6(2), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15582036
Setiawan, A. K., Fatgehipon, A. H., & Martini, M. (2025). Deskripsi Strategi Penanganan Bullying Terhadap Peserta Didik Berkebutuhan Khusus (PDBK) di SMP Negeri 70 Jakarta. Al-Irsyad: Journal of Education Science, 4(2), 351-366. https://doi.org/10.58917/aijes.v4i2.277
Sidera, F., Serrat, E., Collell, J., Perpiñà, G., Ortiz, R., & Rostan, C. (2020). Bullying in Primary School Children: The Relationship between Victimization and Perception of Being a Victim. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9540. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249540
Sinta, T. B., Hastuti, N. M., & Sari, N. L. (2025). Edukasi Anti Bullying Upaya Pencegahan Tindakan Kekerasan pada Remaja. Dedication: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 9(1), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.31537/dedication.v9i1.2263
Sugiarto, J. (2025). Sekolah Tanpa Perundungan: Integrasi Perspektif Akademik dan Praktik. PT. Revormasi Jangkar Philosophia.
Syawitri, M. (2024). Peran Keluarga dalam Mencegah Perilaku Bullying: Upaya Kolaboratif dengan Sekolah dan Pemerintah. Al-Amin: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Sosial Humaniora, 1(2), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.53398/alamin.v1i2.332
Sylvia, R. (2025). Efektivitas Kebijakan Hukum dalam Penanganan Kasus Bullying di Perguruan Tinggi dan Faktor Penghambat Implementasinya. Disiplin: Majalah Civitas Akademika Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum sumpah Pemuda, 31(1), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.46839/disiplin.v31i1.1166
Tajik, B., E Pickett, K., E Roberts, K., & Bryant, M. (2025). Relationship Between School-Based Bullying Behaviours and Happiness, and the Mediating Role of Body Mass Index at School-entry: Evidence from the Born in Bradford Primary School Years Study. Wellcome Open Research, 10, 451. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24593.1
Utami, F. P., Sari, D. P., & Ristianti, D. H. (2024). Permasalahan Bullying Yang Dialami Siswa Dan Rencana Tindak Lanjut Guru Pembimbing Dalam Menyikapinya (Studi di SMP Negeri 1 Kepahiang) (Doctoral dissertation, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup). http://e-theses.iaincurup.ac.id/id/eprint/7756
Waang, Y. E., Konay, J. P., Pairikas, F., Leobisa, J., & Saingo, Y. A. (2025). Korban Ke Penyitas: Upaya Sekolah Mengatasi Bullying Fisik Melalui Pendekatan Empatik. Jurnal Ilmu Psikologi dan Kesehatan| E-ISSN: 3063-1467, 2(2), 35-44. https://jurnal.kopusindo.com/index.php/jipk/article/view/1075
Wang, X., Shi, L., Ding, Y., Liu, B., Chen, H., Zhou, W., Yu, R., Zhang, P., Huang, X., Yang, Y., & Wu, Z. (2024). School Bullying, Bystander Behavior, and Mental Health among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Self-Efficacy and Coping Styles. Healthcare, 12(17), 1738. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171738
Wardhani, P. S. N., & Alawiyah, T. (2024). Penamanan Nilai-Nilai Karakter kepada Generasi Muda untuk Mencegah Perundungan. Ducare: Journal of Education and Learning, 1(2), 59-74. https://jurnal.limitlabel.com/index.php/ducare/article/view/75
Yudha, W. Y., Kadir, Y. K., & Bunga, M. B. (2025). Efektifitas Pencegahan Dan Penanganan Hukum Terhadap Tindak Pidana Bullying. Gorontalo Justice Research, 1(1), 124-136. https://jurnal.unigo.ac.id/index.php/gjr/article/view/4148
Yusliwidaka, A., Rihardi, S. A., & Pembayun, J. G. (2021). Upaya Preventif terhadap Perilaku Cyber Bullying di Kalangan Siswa SMA Negeri di Kota Magelang. Indonesian Journal Of Community Service, 1(1), 38-47. http://ijocs.rcipublisher.org/index.php/ijocs/article/view/20
Copyright (c) 2025 Bimarto Bora
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
By submitting the article/manuscript of the article, the author(s) agree with this policy. No specific document sign-off is required.
License
The use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Author(s)' Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by the stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
User/Public Rights
Under the Creative Commons license, users are allowed to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work. Users will also need to attribute authors on distributing works in the journal and other media of publications. Unless otherwise stated, the authors are public entities as soon as their articles got published.
Rights of Authors
Authors retain all their rights to the published works, such as (but not limited to) the following rights;
- Copyright and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- The right to use the substance of the article in own future works, including lectures and books,
- The right to reproduce the article for own purposes,
- The right to self-archive the article,
- The right to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the article's published version (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by more than one author, any authors submitting the manuscript warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to be agreed on this copyright and license notice (agreement) on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this policy. The journal will not be held liable for anything that may arise due to the author(s) internal dispute. The journal will only communicate with the corresponding author.
Royalties
Being an open accessed journal and disseminating articles for free under the Creative Commons license term mentioned, author(s) aware that the journal entitles the author(s) to no royalties or other fees.
Miscellaneous
The article will be published in the journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed. The editors may modify the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing, and usage that deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers.
