Proses Aktualisasi Diri Pemenuhan Psikologi Kebutuhan Tokoh dalam Film ‘Bismillah Kunikahi Suamimu’ karya Benni Setiawan: Kajian Psikologi Sastra
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tingkatan pemenuhan kebutuhan psikologi dan proses aktualisasi diri tokoh-tokoh dalam film tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa teknik pustaka, simak, dan catat. Sumber data utama adalah dialog, monolog, ekspresi tokoh, serta cuplikan gambar adegan dalam film. Analisis dilakukan melalui pendekatan psikologi sastra dengan teori hierarki kebutuhan Abraham Maslow sebagai landasan interpretatif. Data dianalisis melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh Hana, Cathy, dan Malik mengalami pemenuhan lima tingkatan kebutuhan Abraham Maslow, mulai dari kebutuhan fisiologis hingga aktualisasi diri. Ketiganya juga memperlihatkan proses aktualisasi diri melalui pengorbanan, kesadaran, dan pengambilan keputusan yang sarat nilai kemanusiaan. Sementara itu, tokoh-tokoh lain dalam film ini hanya mencapai tingkat kebutuhan tertentu atau berperan sebagai pendukung dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan tokoh dalam film ini. Film ini merepresentasikan dinamika psikologi tokoh secara kompleks dan utuh, serta memperlihatkan relevansi teori Abraham Maslow dalam menganalisis perjalanan batin tokoh. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperkaya khazanah kajian psikologi sastra dan menjadi rujukan bagi penelitian selanjutnya yang ingin mengkaji tokoh dalam karya sastra visual dengan pendekatan serupa.
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