Distopia Tokoh Utama dalam Cerpen Dua Wajah Ibu Karya Guntur Alam: Gaya Bahasa sebagai Cermin Identitas Masyarakat
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gaya bahasa dan representasi identitas sosial tokoh utama dalam cerpen "Dua Wajah Ibu" karya Guntur Alam. Cerpen ini mengisahkan perjalanan Mak Inang, seorang perempuan tua yang merantau ke Jakarta dan menjadi distopia yang jauh dari kehidupan ideal tokoh Mak Inang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis gaya bahasa yang digunakan dalam cerpen, serta bagaimana gaya bahasa tersebut merepresentasikan identitas sosial tokoh utama. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi dokumen baca simak catat pada data gaya bahasa dan identitas tokoh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 12 gaya bahasa yang digunakan dalam cerpen, yaitu personifikasi (2 data), metafora (2 data), simile (2 data), repetisi, ironi, hiperbola, alegori, antitesis, pleonasme, alusio, ironi situasional, dan tautologi (masing-masing 1 data). Gaya bahasa tersebut tidak hanya memberikan efek estetika, tetapi juga mencerminkan identitas sosial dan pengalaman hidup Mak Inang sebagai seorang urban. Melalui perspektif William Labov, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa gaya bahasa dalam cerpen mampu merepresentasikan konflik sosial, kehidupan urban, ketidaknyamanan sosial, ketidaksesuaian antara harapan dan kenyataan, konflik identitas, beban sosial, perjuangan sosial, dan kekecewaan sosial yang dialami oleh Mak Inang. Jakarta, yang awalnya diharapkan sebagai tempat yang menjanjikan, justru menjadi rimba kehidupan yang keras dan tidak ramah bagi Mak Inang. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam memahami hubungan antara gaya bahasa dan identitas sosial, khususnya dalam konteks migrasi dan urbanisasi, serta bagaimana sastra dapat merefleksikan realitas sosial yang kompleks.
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