Studi Kasus : Pemerolehan Bahasa Anak Usia 5 Tahun Autis Kategori Ringan Dan Adhd (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Abstract
Pemerolehan bahasa pada anak dengan autisme kategori ringan yang disertai Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) merupakan tantangan yang kompleks, terutama dalam aspek komunikasi dan kosakata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pola pemerolehan bahasa pada anak usia 5 tahun dengan kondisi tersebut melalui pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian, berinisial YK, menjalani terapi okupasi sejak usia 2,5 tahun dan terapi wicara sejak usia 3 tahun di sebuah rumah terapi praktik mandiri di Kota Palu. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dengan orang tua dan terapis, serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MLU (Mean Length of Utterance) YK meningkat dari 1,5 pada usia 2,5 tahun menjadi 3,5 pada usia 5 tahun, mencerminkan perkembangan signifikan meskipun masih di bawah nilai ideal untuk anak seusianya. Hambatan yang dihadapi meliputi kesulitan fokus, pemrosesan informasi yang lambat, tantangan dalam pengucapan, serta kurangnya interaksi verbal yang intensif di rumah. Strategi terapi yang diterapkan meliputi penggunaan visual aid, latihan repetitif, pendekatan multisensori, dan penguatan positif. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa kombinasi terapi okupasi dan wicara memberikan dampak positif terhadap pemerolehan kosakata, meskipun efektivitasnya dipengaruhi oleh intensitas terapi dan dukungan lingkungan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam pengembangan strategi terapi yang lebih efektif untuk anak dengan autisme dan ADHD, serta memperkaya literatur tentang pemerolehan bahasa dalam konteks kondisi ganda ini.
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